行車安(an)全(quan)(quan)離不開道路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志標(biao)(biao)(biao)線。道路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志標(biao)(biao)(biao)線是由路(lu)(lu)面上的(de)(de)各種線條、箭頭、文字(zi)、立面標(biao)(biao)(biao)記、突起路(lu)(lu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)輪廓標(biao)(biao)(biao)等所構(gou)成的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)施。它是公路(lu)(lu)建設(she)的(de)(de)重要組成部分，是保證交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)、提(ti)(ti)高道路(lu)(lu)服務(wu)質量(liang)的(de)(de)重要交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)設(she)施之一(yi)。數字(zi)表明，道路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線與事故相關率達到70％，設(she)置合理(li)、性能(neng)優良的(de)(de)道路(lu)(lu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線能(neng)提(ti)(ti)高30％的(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)能(neng)力。

　　過去傳統(tong)的道(dao)路交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)標(biao)(biao)志標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)是用(yong)熱(re)熔的標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)涂料來劃(hua)制(zhi)。如(ru)今有一種更優秀的新型(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)路標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)產品——道(dao)路預(yu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)帶(dai)可以替(ti)代了。日前，由(you)同濟大學綜(zong)合交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)信息與控制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)系博士(shi)生導(dao)師、副教授彭一川(chuan)牽(qian)頭的《公路預(yu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路用(yong)性能研(yan)究》課題，歷經八個月的工(gong)作和(he)試驗(yan)，通(tong)過了專(zhuan)家評審。這個課題彌(mi)補了我(wo)國交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)基礎設(she)施中預(yu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)膠帶(dai)領域的研(yan)究空(kong)白，為我(wo)國預(yu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)膠帶(dai)在道(dao)路交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)安(an)全管理的研(yan)究工(gong)作奠(dian)定了基礎，以期(qi)為預(yu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的工(gong)程(cheng)實踐提供參考(kao)，減少或避免交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事故的發生。

　　道路(lu)預成型標線(xian)帶(dai)作為一(yi)種(zhong)新型標線(xian)帶(dai)，已在德國、法(fa)國、美國、日本等國家得(de)到廣泛使用。相比于標線(xian)涂料(liao)來說(shuo)，預成型標線(xian)帶(dai)在制作工藝、路(lu)用性能上(shang)取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)較(jiao)大進(jin)步。它不僅很好(hao)(hao)地改進(jin)了(le)(le)標線(xian)涂料(liao)本身存在的(de)一(yi)些缺(que)點，還發揮了(le)(le)更多優點，具有較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)應用前景。

　　此次彭教授課題(ti)組在(zai)(zai)預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)與熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)對(dui)比(bi)試(shi)驗中(zhong)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)，預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)優于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。白色(se)熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)與黃(huang)色(se)預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)白天有(you)較強(qiang)太陽光(guang)照射時(shi)的(de)(de)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)無顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)差異，但(dan)是在(zai)(zai)夜間，預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)對(dui)比(bi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)均有(you)顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)高。因此，當周圍環境背景光(guang)較弱(ruo)或完(wan)全黑暗時(shi)，推(tui)薦使用預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)，可以提(ti)升(sheng)駕(jia)駛(shi)員的(de)(de)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，提(ti)高駕(jia)駛(shi)安全度。在(zai)(zai)試(shi)驗所對(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)不同類(lei)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)，白色(se)預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)最佳，相對(dui)于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統白色(se)熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)視(shi)認(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)提(ti)升(sheng)最為顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)，其次為黃(huang)色(se)預(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)、白色(se)熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)、黃(huang)色(se)熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)。

　　耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)對比顯示預(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)。在(zai)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)涂(tu)(tu)改(gai)性(xing)的(de)對比中，發現(xian)預(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線帶采(cai)用底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)專門配備(bei)的(de)壓(ya)敏膠(jiao)粘(zhan)劑(ji)與(yu)路面(mian)(mian)(mian)進行粘(zhan)接(jie)，所(suo)以在(zai)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)改(gai)標(biao)線時要做(zuo)的(de)工作只(zhi)是破(po)壞(huai)(huai)其底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)壓(ya)敏膠(jiao)粘(zhan)接(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)，不需要去處理胎(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)，破(po)壞(huai)(huai)了粘(zhan)接(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)后(hou)(hou)胎(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)便(bian)可(ke)以很輕松地與(yu)路面(mian)(mian)(mian)剝(bo)離，且(qie)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)后(hou)(hou)不會對路面(mian)(mian)(mian)產生損壞(huai)(huai)也不會在(zai)路面(mian)(mian)(mian)表層(ceng)(ceng)留下(xia)明顯的(de)印痕(hen)。而涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)標(biao)線固化粘(zhan)接(jie)于路面(mian)(mian)(mian)之上(shang)，固化后(hou)(hou)主要由一層(ceng)(ceng)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)組成(cheng)(cheng)，且(qie)固化后(hou)(hou)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)硬(ying)化柔韌性(xing)很低(di)，因此涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)標(biao)線在(zai)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)時必(bi)須將整個涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)掉，使得標(biao)線與(yu)路面(mian)(mian)(mian)剝(bo)離，不僅(jin)施工效率低(di)，還會帶來(lai)一定(ding)的(de)局限(xian)性(xing)及負面(mian)(mian)(mian)影響(xiang)。這說明預(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線具有(you)更(geng)加優良的(de)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)涂(tu)(tu)改(gai)性(xing)。

　　據(ju)悉，目前我國(guo)(guo)熱熔(rong)型標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)用量(liang)占標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)總量(liang)的(de)90％以(yi)上，而(er)國(guo)(guo)內道(dao)路(lu)(lu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)涂料(liao)中(zhong)存在較多的(de)重(zhong)金屬(shu)，包括砷(shen)、鉻、鋅、鉛、磷、銅、汞、錳、鎳等重(zhong)金屬(shu)，這些(xie)重(zhong)金屬(shu)基本不可(ke)被分解和(he)降解，并會殘(can)留于環境中(zhong)。且施劃熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)也會產生大量(liang)的(de)二氧化碳(tan)。根(gen)(gen)據(ju)測(ce)算(suan)，每(mei)施劃1平(ping)方米(mi)熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)需(xu)要消(xiao)耗液化石油(you)氣(qi)燃料(liao)約0.6千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，假(jia)設每(mei)年(nian)需(xu)施劃熱熔(rong)型道(dao)路(lu)(lu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)面積為1307萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi)，換算(suan)成標(biao)(biao)(biao)煤(mei)（1千(qian)克(ke)(ke)液化石油(you)氣(qi)燃燒值=1.72千(qian)克(ke)(ke)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準煤(mei)），每(mei)年(nian)施劃熱熔(rong)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)交通標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)需(xu)要消(xiao)耗近1350萬(wan)千(qian)克(ke)(ke)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準煤(mei)，根(gen)(gen)據(ju)國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)改委(wei)的(de)推薦值，一噸標(biao)(biao)(biao)準煤(mei)能產生2.4567噸的(de)二氧化碳(tan)排(pai)放，所以(yi)采用熱熔(rong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)時，需(xu)要向大氣(qi)中(zhong)排(pai)放33138噸二氧化碳(tan)。

　　熱熔(rong)標(biao)線(xian)的(de)(de)施工(gong)過程，還會(hui)消耗大(da)量能量，包括熔(rong)料工(gong)序、施劃基準線(xian)前應(ying)對(dui)施劃標(biao)線(xian)區域路(lu)面(mian)的(de)(de)清掃和干燥(zao)，以(yi)及(ji)標(biao)線(xian)的(de)(de)施劃、清除涂改(gai)等對(dui)水資源(yuan)、土(tu)壤、空氣會(hui)產生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)環境污(wu)染，存在重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)、二氧化碳排(pai)放(fang)、粉塵(chen)及(ji)噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染等多個方面(mian)的(de)(de)環保(bao)問題。

　　而預(yu)成型(xing)標(biao)線(xian)帶主要使用(yong)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)敏膠(jiao)和樹脂(zhi)型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)敏膠(jiao)，其中(zhong)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)型(xing)生產(chan)大多采用(yong)熱熔型(xing)涂覆(fu)工藝(yi)(yi)，樹脂(zhi)型(xing)一般采用(yong)溶劑或水(shui)性涂覆(fu)工藝(yi)(yi)。樹脂(zhi)型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)敏膠(jiao)正(zheng)在從溶劑向水(shui)性轉變，主要代表為(wei)丙(bing)烯酸酯壓(ya)(ya)敏膠(jiao)粘劑，具有初(chu)粘力(li)大、透(tou)明度好、耐老化性能佳、粘合面廣、無毒不(bu)燃等優點且成本低、操(cao)作安(an)全、無污染、屬水(shui)性環保產(chan)品。

　　另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，標線帶劃設于路面(mian)之上(shang)，不(bu)僅要經受(shou)日曬雨(yu)淋(lin)、風(feng)霜雪凍，還(huan)要抵抗(kang)(kang)各種車輛荷載的(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)磨耗。因(yin)此(ci)，路面(mian)標線在復雜路面(mian)條件下的(de)使(shi)(shi)用性(xing)(xing)能是一(yi)項(xiang)非常重要的(de)性(xing)(xing)能。課(ke)題組(zu)也對道路標線的(de)使(shi)(shi)用性(xing)(xing)能根據路面(mian)環境條件以(yi)及受(shou)力條件的(de)不(bu)同包括耐(nai)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)堿性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)(kang)滑性(xing)(xing)、粘(zhan)結性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)(kang)壓性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)、清除涂(tu)改性(xing)(xing)等進行(xing)了相(xiang)關的(de)試驗和對比(bi)。

　　實驗結果表明，預成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)能夠(gou)很好地(di)滿足耐水性(xing)、耐堿性(xing)。在抗滑(hua)性(xing)方面較為突出。在耐磨性(xing)的(de)試驗中(zhong)，通過(guo)在相同的(de)常(chang)溫環(huan)境溫度下(xia)，記(ji)錄預成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和熱(re)熔標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在自動(dong)車轍(che)試驗儀(yi)摩(mo)擦(ca)后的(de)重(zhong)量差別(bie)，發現預成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)膠帶不僅減重(zhong)數值(zhi)比(bi)熱(re)熔標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)少(shao)25%，即預成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)耐磨性(xing)能更好，而且(qie)預成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)耐磨性(xing)也符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規定(ding)——標(biao)(biao)(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在新(xin)施劃(hua)后的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)系數在0.6—0.8之間。

　　粘結(jie)(jie)性(xing)的(de)試(shi)驗顯示，預成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線具有較高的(de)粘結(jie)(jie)性(xing)。在(zai)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)性(xing)的(de)試(shi)驗中，使用壓(ya)(ya)力試(shi)驗機進(jin)行測(ce)量，最(zui)終得到的(de)試(shi)驗結(jie)(jie)果是(shi)白色(se)預成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線的(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)性(xing)為23.2MPa，黃色(se)預成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線的(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)性(xing)為23.6MPa，遠高于規(gui)范(fan)中規(gui)定的(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)標(biao)準≥12MPa，也(ye)同樣高于測(ce)驗的(de)熱(re)熔(rong)標(biao)線21MPa，即預成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)線抵抗(kang)車輛軸載(zai)對(dui)標(biao)線產生永久性(xing)變形的(de)能力更強(qiang)。

　　另(ling)一(yi)大(da)優(you)(you)點是，預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)是分開進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)，預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)環節不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)完成(cheng)，且在(zai)鋪設(she)時不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要噴(pen)涂機(ji)械(xie)、熱熔(rong)機(ji)械(xie)，地面(mian)涂膠(jiao)后直接可以粘貼。步驟簡(jian)單(dan)，人員(yuan)要求較(jiao)少，且由(you)于標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)結(jie)構，在(zai)清除時完全可以使(shi)用手工(gong)或特殊(shu)工(gong)具進(jin)行拉扯剝離，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程度上減少施(shi)(shi)工(gong)環節產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)噪聲，而且幾乎不(bu)(bu)會產(chan)生(sheng)額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉塵。相比于其他類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)鋪設(she)過(guo)程中只需(xu)要通過(guo)粘接層在(zai)路面(mian)上提供必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘接力(li)使(shi)其固定(ding)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)會有(you)加熱、熔(rong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方式幾乎避開了有(you)害化(hua)合物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發和碳(tan)排(pai)放。正由(you)于預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)膠(jiao)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)環保性(xing)能大(da)大(da)優(you)(you)于熱熔(rong)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，從環保角度，專家建議大(da)力(li)推進(jin)預(yu)成(cheng)型(xing)標(biao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪設(she)。